Der Roman Effi Briest von Theodor Fontane und die Novelle Lieutenant Gustl von Arthur Schnitzler erschienen an der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert. Beide thematisieren unter anderem den Ehrenkodex des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts. Während Baron von Innstetten – der Ehegatte der Protagonistin in Theodor Fontanes Roman – nach Bekanntwerden der Liebschaft seiner Ehefrau mit einem Offizier nicht zögert und den Liebhaber im Duell tötet, hadert der junge Leutnant in Arthur Schnitzlers Novelle mit dem Suizidgedanken, da er vom ihn beleidigenden Bäckermeister am Duell gehindert wurde und so dem militärischen Ehrenkodex nicht entsprechen konnte.
Interessant in Hinblick auf das Duellieren ist die gesetzliche Lage. Wie mich eine Kollegin aufmerksam machte, greift Evelyne Polz-Heinzl im Nachwort der bei Reclam erschienenen Ausgabe des Lieutenant Gustl diese Frage auf. Mit Verweis auf das von William M. Johnston 1974 erschienene Buch Österreichische Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte hält sie fest, dass 1911 Duelle mit Ausnahme einiger triftiger Gründe verboten wurden. Zu diesen triftigen Gründen zählte der Ehebruch:
In den Jahren nach dem Erscheinen des Lieutenant Gustl sollte die Institution des Duells aber zusehends verfallen, und zwar genau aufgrund der Interferenzen mit justitiablen Tatbeständen. Hatte man Gesetzesverstöße duellierender Offiziere bislang nicht geahndet, hatte Kaiser Franz Joseph noch jeden Offizier, der einen Zivilisten getötet hatte, begnadigt, so verzeichneteten die ab 1902 gegründeten Ligen gegen das Duell stetige Erfolge. Ab 1911 waren Offiziere laut kaiserlichem Dekret nicht mehr verpflichtet, eine Duellaufforderung anzunehmen; mit einigen Ausnahmen, wozu etwa die Rache für Ehebruch gehörte, wurden Duelle verboten.
Arthur Schnitzler: Lieutenant Gustl, hg. von Konstanze Fliedl, 2011, Nachwort von Evelyne Polz-Heinzl, S. 94-95.
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